Parts of speeach ( noun, pronoun, verb, etc.. )

Noun (el sustantivo): The name of a person, place, thing, or concept. Some examples are: María (Mary, a proper name as opposed to a common noun), hombre (man), parque (park), libro (book), religión (religion). Nouns in Spanish have gender and number; that is, they are either masculine or feminine, singular or plural. Libro is masculine, religión is feminine; libro is singular (one book), libros is plural (two or more books).

Pronoun (el pronombre): A word which is used in place of a noun and from which it takes its gender and number. An example is él (he) to replace the expression mi hijo (my son, masculine singular). Pronouns are divided into: personal pronouns [e.g., yo (I), ella (she)], demonstratives [e.g., éste (this one), ésa (that one)], possessives [e.g, el mío/la mía (mine)], relatives [e.g., que, quien, la que, el cual (that, who, which)], and indefinites [e.g., alguien (someone), algo (something)]. Personal pronouns may serve as the subject of a verb [yo, tú, usted, etc.], the direct object of a verb [me, te, lo, la, etc.], the indirect object of a verb [me, te, le, etc.], reflexive [me, te, se, etc.], or the object of a preposition [mí, ti, usted, etc.].

Verb (el verbo): The part of speech which expresses an action or state in a variable form, according to the characteristics of the subject. There are several classes of verbs such as: active or transitive o [e.g., mover (to move) and bañar (to bathe) in Spanish require a direct object], intransitive [e.g., luchar (to fight) in Spanish normally does not have a direct object], copulative or linking [e.g., ser (to be)], impersonal [e.g., hay (there is/are)], and helping or auxiliary [e.g., he {hablado} (I have {spoken}), habríamos {spoken} (we would have {studied})].  There are three conjugations of verbs: -ar [e.g., hablar, to speak], -er [e.g., comer, to eat], and -ir [e.g., vivir, to eat], each with typical sets of endings.  The endings in Spanish indicate mood, for example indicative or subjunctive, and the tense [or time, such as present, past, or future] within that mood, and the person [first (i.e., I or we), second (i.e., you), or third  (i.e., he/she or they)] and number [singular or plural].
Adverb (el adverbio): The part of speech which modifies or changes the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb. There are adverbs of place [e.g., aquí (here), allí (there)], time [e.g., después (afterwards), pronto (soon)], manner [e.g., bien (well), rápidamente (quickly)], affirmation [e.g., sí (yes )], and negation [e.g., no (no), nunca (never)]. Adverbs may appear in comparative, superlative [e.g., más (more/most), peor (worse/worst)], y diminutive [e.g., ahorita (now)] forms.

Adjective (el adjetivo): A word which is used with reference to a noun to indicate a quality or to determine or limit the noun. Accordingly, adjectives are divided into descriptive and limiting. Examples of descriptive adjectives are inteligente (intelligent ), pequeño/-a (small).  Limiting adjectives include the demonstratives [e.g., este (this), esa (that), numerals [dos (two), cien (one hundred)], possessives [mi (my), tu (your)] and *articles [el/la/los/las (the), un/una (a/an), unos/unas (some)]. Since they modify nouns, adjectives may have various endings to agree with the noun in question according to whether it is masculine or feminine, singular or plural. Descriptive adjectives may also have comparative/superlative forms [bueno = good, mejor = better/best], absolute superlative forms [fácil = easy, facilísimo = extremely easy], and diminutive forms [pequeño = small,  pequeñito = very small, tiny].

Preposition (la preposición): An invariable part of speech which unites words, denoting a relationship which exists between them. Examples include: a (to), ante (before) bajo (below), con (with), contra (against), de (of ), desde (from), en (in, at), entre (between, among), hacia (toward), hasta (until), para (for), por (for, by), según (according to), sin (without), and sobre (over, upon) and compound forms such as antes de (before), después de (after), encima de (on top of), and debajo de (underneath).


Interjection (la interjección): A part of speech which includes exclamations which express reactions and changes in mental states such as ¡ah! (oh!), ¡ay! (ow!, ouch!), ¡bravo! (well done!), and ¡uf! (ugh!).

Conjunction (la conjunción): An invariable word which serves to link words or phrases. Examples include y (and), o (or), pero (but), cuando (when), and porque (because). Conjunctions are often divided into two groups: coordinating conjunctions may be used to combine independent clauses (e.g., y, o, and pero); subordinating conjunctions (e.g. cuando and porque) introduce a subordinate or dependent clause.

*Some consider articles as another part of speech, the part which is used before a noun to limit it. Most consider articles as a specific type of adjective.

Examples of parts of speech within the context of a sentence:

(possessive) adjective	noun	verb	conjunction	verb	adverb	preposition	(demonstrative) adjective	noun
Mi	hijo	vive	y	trabaja	aquí	en	esta	ciudad.
My	son	lives	and	works	here	in	this	city.

interjection	verb	adjective	conjunction	pronoun	verb	adjective (article)	noun
¡Oh!	Es	maravilloso	cuando	ella	toca	el	violín.
Oh!	(It) is	marvellous	when	she	plays	the	violin.